Aircraft Wiki
Register
Advertisement
B767delt

Boeing 767 from Delta airlines.

The Boeing 767 is a mid-size, wide-body twinjet airliner produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Passenger versions of the 767 can carry between 181 and 375 passengers, and have a range of 5,200 to 6,590 nautical miles (9,400 to 12,200 km) depending on variant and seating configuration.[1] The 767 entered into airline service in 1982.

Development[]

The Boeing 767 was first offered for sale in July 1978 with an order for 30 airliners by United Airlines. It was developed at the same time as the 757, its narrowbody sister.[2] Prior to its public offering, it was referred to as the 7X7.[3] With the 707 aging, Boeing decided to offer a mid-size wide-body aircraft to fit in between the 727/737/757 and the 747. The 767 has a fuselage width of 15 ft 6 in (472.44 cm) that is midway between the two other aircraft.

The first 767, a -200 was rolled out 4 August 1981 and first flew on 26 September 1981.[2] Boeing planned to offer a shorter 767-100 with seating for 180 passengers,[4] but was never offered for sale as the capacity was too close to the 757's.[5]

The 767 was designed using engines used on the 747 with wings sized to match. The wings were larger and provided longer range than the initial customers wanted. However, the larger wings only increased fuel usage slightly and provided better takeoff and landing performance. Boeing designed the 767 with enough range to fly across North America and across the northern Atlantic.[6]

The flight decks of the Boeing 757 and 767 are very similar and as a result, after a short conversion course, pilots rated in the 757 are also qualified to fly the 767 and vice versa. The 767 was approved for U.S. CAT IIIb operation in March 1984. This revision permitted operations with minimums as low as RVR 300 (Runway Visual Range 300 feet). It was the first aircraft certificated for CAT IIIb by the U.S.[7]

In the late 1980s, Boeing proposed a stretched version of the 767, and then a partial double deck version with parts of a 757 fuselage built over the aft (rear) fuselage.[8][9] These concepts were not accepted and Boeing shifted to an all new airliner that would become the 777.[10] Boeing would later develop a stretched 767 version in the form of the 767-400ER in the late 1990s.

The 767 sold very well from the late 1980s to the late 1990s, with a decrease during the recession in the early 1990s. After strong sales in 1997, sales have declined significantly, due to the economic recession of the early 2000s, increased competition from Airbus, and the recent emergence of a direct replacement program, the Boeing 787. In early 2007, United Parcel Service and DHL prolonged the 767's production with orders for 767-300 freighters of 27 and 6, respectively.[11][12] As of August 2008, Boeing has received two orders in 2008 for the 767-300ER,[13] but Boeing has been offering versions of the 767 to tide customers affected by the 787 launch delays, specifically to Japanese carriers All Nippon Airways & Japan Air Lines, who are said to be in serious talks for new build passenger airframes. Boeing has also kept the line open in hopes of winning the US Air Force's competition for a tanker (the KC-767 tanker program, which uses the 767 airframe).

The renewed interest in the 767-300 freighter has Boeing considering enhanced versions of the 767-200 and 767-300 freighter, with increased gross weights, 767-400ER wing technology, and 777-200 avionics.[14] Boeing sees the advanced 767-200F and 767-300F as complementing the 777F, and allowing Boeing to compete more effectively against the A330-200F, which is larger than the proposed 767-200F and 767-300F, but smaller than the 777F.

The Boeing 767 has 1013 orders, with 967 of those delivered as of August 2008.[15] Delta Air Lines is currently the world's largest 767 operator, with 103 airplanes as of 2008, consisting of 767-300, 767-300ER, and 767-400ER variants.[16] Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, their hub, has the highest number of Boeing 767 operations in the world.

Design[]

The Boeing 767 is a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a conventional tail unit with a single fin and rudder. It has a retractable tricycle landing gear and is powered by two wing mounted turbofan engines.

The 767 offers a twin aisle configuration of 2+3+2 in economy with the most common business configuration of 2+2+2. It is possible to squeeze an extra seat for a 2+4+2 configuration, as done by Skymark Airlines and Martinair.[verification needed] However, the seats are very narrow and this is not common. The 767 has a seat-to-aisle ratio in economy class of an efficient 3.5 seats per aisle, allowing for quicker food service and quicker exit of the airplane than many other jetliners, which typically have four to six seats per aisle in economy class.

It can carry freight in Unit Load Devices such as LD2s and LD8s. Its fuselage width does not allow larger ULDs such as LD6s, LD11s, and LD3s. One of the design requirements of the 767's replacement, the Boeing 787, was for it to use the LD3/6/11 family of ULDs to solve the wasted volume issue.

Newer 767-200s and 767-300s, as well as all 767-400ERs, feature a 777-style cabin interior, also known as the "Boeing Signature Interior". The 767-400ER also features larger windows exactly like those found on the 777. All new 767s built feature the Signature Interior, and it is also available as a retrofit for older 767s. In addition to the Boeing Signature Interior retrofit option, a simpler mod known as the "Boeing 767 Enhanced Interior" is available. This retrofit borrows styling elements from the Boeing Signature Interior; however, the outer section overhead bins are traditional-style shelf bins rather than the 777-style pivot bins.

Variants[]

There are three variants of the 767, which were launched on three separate occasions. Although there are a total of three variants, several versions have been produced.

767-200[]

The first model of the 767, and was launched in 1978 and entered service with United Airlines in 1982.[2] This model is used mainly for continental routes such as New York City to Los Angeles. The 767-200 typically is outfitted with 181 seats in a 3-class layout or 224 in a 2-class layout. All -200 models have a capacity limit of 255 due to exit-door limitations. An additional exit door can be specified when the aircraft is ordered to allow for up to 290 seats in a high-capacity, all-coach (30 in pitch 2+4+2) layout.

The 767-200ER extended-range variant was first delivered to El Al in 1984. It became the first 767 to complete a nonstop transatlantic journey, and broke the flying distance record for twinjet airliners several times.

767-200s flown by American Airlines burn an average of 15,982 gallons of jet fuel flying round-trip between New York City and Los Angeles, resulting in a fuel tab of $488 per passenger (in 2008), assuming an aircraft with 79% of seats filled.[17] Another source puts the cost of fuel of one cross country flight at $27,495 in 2008, up from $7,781 in 2004.[18] The 787 is expected to be 20% more fuel efficient per passenger.[17][19]

Although the 767-200ER has no direct replacement, it is expected to be replaced indirectly in Boeing's lineup by the 787-8. As of August 2008, 128 767-200s and 121 -200ERs had been delivered with no unfilled orders remaining.[15]

767-300[]

The 767-300 is a lengthened 767 ordered by Japan Airlines in 1983. It first flew on January 14, 1986, and was delivered to JAL on September 25.

The 767-300ER is the extended-range version of the -300. It first flew in 1986 and received its first commercial orders when American Airlines purchased several in 1987. The aircraft entered service with AA in 1988. In 1995, EVA Air used a 767-300ER to inaugurate the first transpacific 767 service. The -300ER has a minimum takeoff run of around 6,000 ft (1,825 m), and a maximum of 7,900 ft (2,400 m). The 767-300ER can be retrofitted with blended winglets from Aviation Partners Boeing.[20] These winglets are 11 ft (3.4 m) long and will decrease fuel consumption an estimated 6.5 % on the -300ER.[21]

The 767-300F is the air freight version of the 767-300ER, first ordered by United Parcel Service in 1993 and delivered in 1995. Due to its unique fuselage width of 15 ft 6 in, it is unable to carry ordinary Unit Load Devices, and instead has to use specially designed air freight containers and pallets. This model has three doors on the main deck plus two on the lower deck. Of the three doors on top, two are at the front, and one is at the rear right side. The two lower doors comprise of one at the right front and one at the rear left.

In October 2007, All Nippon Airways (ANA) sent one of its Boeing 767-300 (JA8286) to ST Aviation Services Co., in Paya Lebar, Singapore, to undergo the world's first 767 PTF (Passenger To Freighter) program. The conversion was completed, on schedule, in June 2008 and designated as a Boeing 767-300BCF, or "Boeing Converted Freighter".[22][23]

The 767-300's direct competitor from Airbus is the A330-200. The 767-300 is expected to be replaced by the 787-8 in Boeing's lineup. As of August 2008, total orders for the 767-300/300ER/300F stand at 726 with 680 delivered. This includes 104 orders (all delivered) for the -300, 540 orders for the -300ER (528 delivered), and 82 orders for the -300F (49 delivered).[15]

767-400ER[]

This final extended variant was launched in 1997 on an order for Delta Air Lines and Continental Airlines to replace their aging Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 fleets. Orders were also placed by others including Kenya Airways and ILFC but these were eventually canceled. Kenya Airways and ILFC converted their orders to the Boeing 777. The -400ER was stretched 21.1 ft (m {{{4}}}) from the -300 for a total of 201.4 ft (m {{{4}}}). It also saw a wingspan increase of 14.3 ft (m {{{4}}}) over the previous two variants. The -400ER is the only 767 variant to also feature "raked" wingtips for increased fuel efficiency. Its first flight was on 9 October 1999,[24] and entered into service with Continental Airlines on 14 September 2000. This variant is only available as the 767-400ER, as there was no 767-400 variant. However it has less range than the other two ER variants.

Boeing offered a longer range version, named 767-400ERX for sale in 2000. It was introduced along with the Boeing 747X and was to be powered by 747X engines (Engine Alliance GP7172 and Rolls Royce plc Trent 600). The -400ERX offered an increased maximum takeoff weight of 465000 lb (kg {{{4}}}) and range of 6150 nmi (km {{{4}}}).[25] Kenya Airways provisionally ordered three -400ERXs to supplement their 767 fleet. However, in 2001 Boeing canceled -400ERX development. Kenya Airways converted their order to the 777-200ER.[26]

The 767-400ER's direct Airbus equivalent is the Airbus A330-300. The 767-400ER is expected to be replaced by the 787-9 in Boeing's lineup. As of August 2008, 38 767-400ERs had been delivered, with 16 to Continental Airlines and 21 to Delta Air Lines,[15] but the most recent one for the prototype for the E-10 program is in storage pending a decision on its dispostion since the E-10 program was ended by the USAF.

Military[]

Versions of the 767 serve prominently in a number of military applications. Most military 767s are derived from the 767-200ER.

Airborne Surveillance Testbed[]

The Airborne Optical Adjunct (AOA) was built from the prototype 767-200. The aircraft was later renamed the Airborne Surveillance Testbed (AST). Modifications to the aircraft included a large "cupola" or hump which ran along the top of the aircraft from above the cockpit to just behind the trailing edge of the wings. Inside the cupola was a suite of infrared seekers that were used to track theater ballistic missile launches in a series of tests.[27] The aircraft remained in storage at the Victorville Airport in California for a number of years before being scrapped in July 2007.

E-767[]

Main article: Boeing E-767

The E-767 AWACS platform is used by the Japan Self-Defense Forces; it is essentially the E-3 Sentry mission package on a 767-200ER platform. Japan operates four E-767s.

KC-767[]

Main article: Boeing KC-767

The KC-767 was developed from the -200ER for the USAF to replace some of its oldest KC-135E tankers. Boeing won the competition in 2002[28] and the aircraft was later designated KC-767A.[29] However the Pentagon suspended the contract due to a conflict of interest scandal and later canceled it.

The KC-767 Tanker Transport, a 767-200ER-based aerial refueling platform has been ordered by the Italian Air Force and the Japan Self-Defense Forces, which have designated it KC-767J. For the USAF KC-X Tanker competition, Boeing offered the KC-767 Advanced Tanker, which was based on the in-development 767-200LRF (Long Range Freighter), rather than the -200ER.[30][31]

A newer variant, KC-46A, won the A330-based KC-45 in the bid of USAF wanting for a new type of fuel tankers to replace the KC-135 Stratotanker.

E-10[]

Main article: E-10 MC2A

The E-10 MC2A is a 767-400ER-based replacement for the Boeing 707-based E-3 Sentry AWACS, the E-8 Joint STARS aircraft, and EC-135 ELINT aircraft. This is an all-new system, with a powerful Active Electronically Scanned Array and not based upon the Japanese AWACS aircraft. One 767-400ER aircraft has been produced as a testbed for systems integration and is in storage pending a decision on its final disposition since the E-10 program has been terminated.

Incidents and accidents[]

As of 2008, the 767 has been in 40 incidents,[32] including 11 hull-loss accidents,[33] resulting in a total of 569 fatalities. The 767 has been in six hijackings involving 282 fatalities.[34]

Notable incidents
  • On July 23, 1983, Air Canada Flight 143, a Boeing 767-200, ran out of fuel in flight and had to glide to an emergency landing. The pilots used the aircraft's ram air turbine to power the aircraft's hydraulic systems for control. There were no fatalities. This aircraft was nicknamed "Gimli Glider". The aircraft (C-GAUN) continued service within Air Canada until its retirement in January 2008.[35]
  • On May 26, 1991, Lauda Air Flight 004 crashed following the in-flight deployment of the left engine thrust reverser. None of the 223 aboard survived. As a result of this incident engine thrust reversers on all 767s were ordered to be deactivated until the system was redesigned.[36]
  • On November 23, 1996, Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was hijacked, ran out of fuel, and crashed in the Indian Ocean near Comoros. The pilots used the aircraft's ram air turbine as an emergency power source. Of the 175 aboard, 123 died. Still, the incident is one of the few instances of a plane landing on water with survivors.
  • On October 31, 1999, EgyptAir Flight 990, a scheduled Los Angeles-New York-Cairo flight, in a Boeing 767-366ER, crashed off Nantucket Island, Massachusetts in international waters killing all 217 people on board. The cause, while disputed by the Egyptian government, is stated by the NTSB as, "a result of the relief first officer's flight control inputs."
  • Two Boeing 767 aircraft were involved in the September 11, 2001 attacks, and both crashed into the two towers of the World Trade Center. In addition to those on board the planes, 2602 people perished on the ground, mostly in the two towers.
    • American Airlines Flight 11, a 767-223ER, crashed into the north tower, with 92 fatalities on board.
    • United Airlines Flight 175, a 767-200, crashed into the south tower, with the loss of all 65 on board.
  • On December 22, 2001 Richard Colvin Reid tried to bomb American Airlines Flight 63, a flight from Paris to Miami using a Boeing 767. Passengers and crew prevented him from bombing the aircraft and he was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned.
  • On April 15, 2002, Air China Flight 129 a Boeing 767-200ER from Beijing to Busan, South Korea, crashed into a hill while trying to land at Gimhae International Airport during inclement weather, killing 128 of the 166 people on board.

Specifications[]

767-200 767-200ER 767-300 767-300ER 767-300F 767-400ER
Passengers 181 (3 class)
224 (2 class)
255 optional 290 (1 class)
218 (3 class)
269 (2 class)
351 (1 class)
- 245 (3 class)
304 (2 class)
375 (1 class)
Cargo 2,875 ft³ (81.4 m³)
22 LD2s
3,770 ft³ (106.8 m³)
30 LD2s
16,034 ft³ (454 m³)
30 LD2s + 24 pallets
4,580 ft³ (129.6 m³)
38 LD2s
Length 159 ft 2 in
(48.5 m)
180 ft 3 in
(54.9 m)
201 ft 4 in
(61.4 m)
Wingspan 156 ft 1 in
(47.6 m)
170 ft 4 in
(51.9 m)
Fuselage height 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m)
Fuselage width 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m)
Empty Weight,
operating
176,650 lb
(80,130 kg)
181,610 lb
(82,380 kg)
189,750 lb
(86,070 kg)
198,440 lb
(90,010 kg)
190,000 lb
(86,180 kg)
229,000 lb
(103,870 kg)
Maximum take-off weight 315,000 lb
(142,880 kg)
395,000 lb
(179,170 kg)
350,000 lb
(158,760 kg)
412,000 lb
(186,880 kg)
412,000 lb
(186,880 kg)
450,000 lb
(204,120 kg)
Maximum Range
at MTOW
3,950 NM
(7,300 km)
transatlantic
6,590 NM
(12,200 km)
transpacific
3,950 NM
(7,300 km)
transatlantic
5,975 NM
(11,065 km)
transpacific
3,255 NM
(6,025 km)
transcontinental
5,625 NM
(10,415 km)
transpacific
Cruise speed Mach 0.80 (470 kn, 530 mph, 851 km/h at 35,000 ft cruise altitude)
Max. Cruise speed Mach 0.86 (493 kn, 568 mph, 913 km/h at 35,000 ft cruise altitude)
Takeoff run
at MTOW
5,600 ft (1,710 m) 7,900 ft (2,410 m) 9,501 ft (2,896 m)
Engines (x2) P&W JT9D-7R4
P&W PW4000-94
GE CF6-80A
GE CF6-80C2
P&W PW4000-94
GE CF6-80C2
P&W JT9D-7R4
P&W PW4000-94
GE CF6-80A
GE CF6-80C2
P&W PW4000-94
GE CF6-80C2
RR RB211-524H
P&W PW4000-94
GE CF6-80C2
Thrust (x2) GE: 50,000 lbf (222 kN) PW: 63,300 lb (282 kN)
GE: 62,100 lbf (276 kN)
PW: 50,000 lbf (220 kN) PW: 63,300 lbf (282 kN)
GE: 62,100 lbf (276 kN)
RR: 59,500 lbf (265 kN)
PW: 63,300 lbf (282 kN)
GE: 63,500 lbf (282 kN)

Sources: Boeing 767 specifications,[37] Boeing 767 airport report,[38] Airliners.net 767 pages,[39][40][41]

Orders and deliveries[]

Orders
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
- 2 36 10 19 9 11 8 40 9 30 38 79 43 22 17
1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978
54 21 65 52 100 83 57 23 38 15 20 2 5 11 45 49
Deliveries
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994
- 8 12 12 10 9 24 35 40 44 44 47 42 43 37 41
1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978
51 63 62 60 37 53 37 27 25 29 55 20 0 0 0 0
  • Data through August 2008. Updated on 18 September, 2008.[42]
File:Ansett-767-N407AN-070405-01-12.jpg

As new 767s roll off the assembly line, older ones like this Ansett Australia 767-204 are retired and scrapped (this one is at the Mojave Spaceport)

See also[]

  • Competition between Airbus and Boeing

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Related lists

  • List of airliners
  • List of Boeing 767 operators

References[]

  1. "767 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning", Boeing, September 2005.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shaw, Robbie. Boeing 757 & 767, Medium Twins. Osprey Publishing, 1999, ISBN 1-85532-903-4.
  3. "Boeing Gives the 7E7 Dreamliner a Model Designation", Boeing, January 28, 2005.
  4. Donald, David ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997, ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
  5. The Boeing 767-200, airliners.net.
  6. Sutter 2006, p. 241-246.
  7. FAA Air Transportation Operations Inspector's Handbook, Order 8400.10
  8. "How United Airlines Helped Design The World's Most Remarkable Airliner"
  9. Norris, Guy and Wagner, Mark. Boeing 777, The Technological Marvel. Zenith Press, 2001. (Proposal was referred to by at least one airline as the "Hunchback of Mukilteo", after a town neighboring the Everett assembly plant.)
  10. Error on call to Template:cite book: Parameter title must be specifiedBirtles, Philip (1998). . MBI Publishing.
  11. Boeing and UPS Finalize Major 767 Freighter Order
  12. Boeing to Supply Six 767 Freighters to Re-fleet DHL U.S. Operations
  13. Boeing Orders and Deliveries Chart, August 9, 2008
  14. Boeing considering new 767 freighter to counter A330-200F
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named 767_O_D
  16. "World Airliner Census", Flight International, 19-25 August 2008.
  17. 17.0 17.1 "Flying Stinks - Especially for airlines", Wall Street Journal, June 10, 2008, p. D3
  18. "$3.3 Million a Day - That's How Much American Airlines is Losing In the Era of Insane Fuel Prices", Fortune, May 12, 2008, p.94.
  19. Boeing 787 Dreamliner background, Boeing.
  20. http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/070425/daw021.html?.v=95
  21. Ranson, Lori. "Blended winglets debut on Boeing 767", Flight International, 22 July 2008.
  22. "Boeing and ST Aerospace Complete Door Cutting For First 767-300 Boeing Converted Freighter", Boeing
  23. "World's First 767-300 Boeing Converted Freighter Goes to ANA", Boeing
  24. Frawley, Gerald. "Boeing 767-400ER". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. Aerospace Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
  25. Boeing (2000-07-26). The Newest Boeing 767 Is Inspired by the Future. Boeing. Retrieved on 2006-08-06.
  26. Wallace, James. "Kenya Airways sticks to Boeing", Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 19 March 2002.
  27. Boeing new release: Boeing Airborne Surveillance Testbed Tracks Missiles With New Seeker
  28. Boeing Given Nod on Tanker Lease, Military-Aerospace Technology Magazine; volume: 1, issue: 2, 2002-05-01.
  29. DoD 4120.15L, Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles, 2004-05-12.
  30. Borak, Donna. "Boeing Unveils Air Force Tanker in $40 Billion Contract Competition". Associated Press. February 12, 2007.
  31. "Boeing Offers KC-767 Advanced Tanker to U.S. Air Force", Boeing, 2007-02-12.
  32. Boeing 767 incidents, Aviation-Safety.net, 14 August 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  33. Boeing 767 hull-losses, Aviation-Safety.net, 14 August 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
  34. "Boeing 767 Accident Statistics", Aviation-Safety.net, 3 December 2007. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  35. "Air Canada Boeing 767 Fleet List", yyznews.com, accessed 2008-02-16.
  36. Template:Citation
  37. 767 specifications, Boeing.
  38. Boeing 767 airport report, Boeing
  39. Boeing 767-200 page, Airliners.net
  40. Boeing 767-200 page, Airliners.net
  41. Boeing 767-400 page, Airliners.net
  42. Orders and Deliveries search page, Boeing. Retrieved 18 September, 2008.
  • Sutter, Joe. 747: Creating the World's First Jumbo Jet and Other Adventures from a Life in Aviation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2006, ISBN 0-06-088241-9.

External links[]

Template:Commons

Template:Boeing airliners Template:Boeing 7x7 timeline Template:Boeing model numbers Template:Aviation lists

Advertisement